RICHMOND, Va. (AP) -- Representatives from colleges and universities across Virginia gathered Monday for a campus security conference called by Gov. Timothy M. Kaine to discuss how schools can best respond during emergencies.

The conference comes nearly four months after a student gunman killed 32 people and himself at Virginia Tech.

"The same things that can happen in any community can happen on a college campus, and so you have to have security solutions that will account for every possibility," Kaine said.

Panels meeting throughout the day discussed the relationships between schools and their communities, the importance of intercampus coordination when preparing for and responding to emergencies, campus emergency alert systems and crime prevention techniques.

Vendors were also on hand to show off the latest advancements in security systems and crisis management.

Kaine said colleges have done a good job addressing safety concerns since the Virginia Tech shootings.

"I think that there's been a significant upgrade in security in most of these institutions since April," he said.

-- Some college students are pushing for their schools to allow them to carry guns on campus, saying that they should have the right to protect themselves in the event of a shooting like the one that left 33 people dead at Virginia Tech.

Andrew Dysart, a George Mason University senior, has organized a chapter of Students for Concealed Carry on Campus, which hopes to convince legislators to overturn a Virginia law that allows universities to prohibit students, faculty and staff members with gun permits from carrying their weapons on campus.

"There's no way to know what could have happened, but the students at Tech, they really should have had a chance," Dysart said of the April 16 shootings, in which gunman Seung-Hui Cho killed 32 people and then committed suicide. "They should have had the chance to defend themselves if it came down to that."

Virginia law allows schools to decide whether to allow students with concealed-weapons permits to carry their guns on campus. One state school, Blue Ridge Community College, does so. Schools cannot prohibit non-students or other outsiders from carrying weapons onto campuses if they have legal permits.

"In a sense (students) don't have the same rights to self-defense on campus as the general public," said Dysart, who said his four years as a Marine shaped his ideas about self-defense. "It's really lopsided the way it works."

Gov. Timothy M. Kaine has said that individual colleges and universities should be able to decide whether to allow students to carry guns on school grounds. He also said that he would wait to see whether a panel studying the Virginia Tech shootings makes any recommendations on the issue.

Nationwide, 38 states ban weapons at schools, and 16 of those specifically ban guns on college campuses, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. Other states allow schools to adopt their own gun policies.

Utah is the only state that specifically allows people to carry concealed weapons at public colleges. Legislation passed in 2004 allows concealed weapons on all state property, including colleges and universities. The University of Utah - which had banned concealed weapons for decades - challenged the law, but the state Supreme Court upheld it in 2006.

South Carolina's legislature this year defeated a bill that would allow permit holders to carry guns onto public school campuses.

Students for Concealed Carry on Campus members at more than 60 colleges are aiming to change their state laws to allow permit holders to carry on campus.

Joe Culotta, a senior at the University of Central Florida, said that he and fellow students had planned to form a group to advocate for concealed carry even before the Virginia Tech shootings. The Knights Rifle Association is seeking recognition as an official student organization this fall, and plans to circulate a petition to send to Florida's governor about the issue, Culotta said.

Many colleges generally oppose, for safety reasons, allowing concealed-carry permit holders to bring guns on campus and have resisted efforts to change the law.

In the Virginia General Assembly, a bill to require schools to allow permit holders to carry concealed handguns was killed in subcommittee this year, said bill sponsor Del. Mark L. Cole, R-Spotsylvania. Cole said he'll wait until the Virginia Tech study panel issues its findings before deciding whether to reintroduce such a measure.

"Obviously the current policy is ineffective; it certainly didn't protect anyone at Virginia Tech," Cole said.

The International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators, which represents campus public safety officials, said the presence of students carrying concealed weapons "has the potential to dramatically increase violence on our college and university campuses."

Allowing concealed weapons brings the potential for accidental gun discharge or misuse of firearms at parties, including those where alcohol or drugs are used, and the possibility for guns to be used to settle students' disputes, the group said in a statement.

For their part, Virginia Tech officials haven't actively lobbied against attempts to modify Virginia's law, spokesman Larry Hincker said, but the university's position on weapons hasn't changed after the shootings.

"We don't believe that guns have any place in the classroom," Hincker said. "We've experienced far more of guns in the classroom than any university should have to endure."

(Copyright 2007 by The Associated Press.  All Rights Reserved.)